Nowadays tire is a ring-shaped component which surrounds a wheel’s rim. We use tires to give transfer of vehicle’s load from the axle through the wheel to the ground. We need tires to make normal traction on the surface traveled over
The cords that make up the ply and the elastomer which encases them are the two groups of materials of which modern pneumatic tires consists The cords, which form the ply and bead and provide the tensile strength necessary to contain the inflation pressure, can be composed of steel, natural fibers such as cotton or silk, or synthetic fibers such as nylon or kevlar. Composed of steel, natural fibers such as cotton or silk, or synthetic fibers such as nylon or Kevlar, the cords form the ply and bead and provide the tensile strength necessary to contain the inflation pressure The key component of pneumatic tire design is the elastomer, used to form the tread and encase the cords protecting them from abrasion and holding them in place. It can be composed of various composites of rubber material – the most common being styrene-butadiene copolymer – with other chemical compounds such as silica and carbon black. Optimizing rolling resistance in the elastomer material is a key challenge for reducing fuel consumption in the transportation sector.
The tires we use today for automobiles and bicycles are pneumatically inflated structures. When the tire rolls over rough features on the surface it also provides a flexible cushion that absorbs shock. Tires provide a footprint that is designed to match the weight of the vehicle with the bearing strength of the surface that it rolls over by providing a bearing pressure that will not deform the surface excessively. Natural rubber, fabric and wire, synthetic rubber along with carbon black and other chemical compounds are the main materials of today’s pneumatic tire. They consist of a tread and a body. The tread provides traction while the body provides containment for a quantity of compressed air.
Before rubber was developed, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal fitted around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear. Early rubber tires were not pneumatic but solid. Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, including cars, bicycles, motorcycles, buses, trucks, heavy equipment, and aircraft. Railcars and locomotives still use metal tires. Various non-automotive applications, such as some casters, carts, lawnmowers, and wheelbarrows use solid rubber or other polymer tires.
Pneumatic tires are manufactured in about 450 tire factories around the world. Tire production starts with bulk raw materials such as rubber (60% -70% synthetic), carbon black, and chemicals and produces numerous specialized components that are assembled and cured. The styrene-butadiene copolymer is the most commonly used among many kinds of rubber. The top tire manufacturing companies by revenue are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear, Continental, and Pirelli.